7. Which one is the lowest molecular weight carbohydrate?
(A) Cellulose
(B) Glyceraldehyde
(C) Glucose
(D) Xylose

8. The effect of the deletion of one copy of the gene encoding p53 is different from the effects caused by other p53 mutations. For example, some loss-of-function mutations in the DNA-binding domain of p53 cripple its function as a transcription regulator. Such a mutation in only one copy of the p53 gene can be enough to confer a p53 loss-of-function phenotype, even when the other copy of the gene on the homologous chromosome is wild type. This is because ... (A) p53 is a proto-oncogene. (B) these mutations are recessive. (C) p53 is a tumor suppressor. (D) p53 forms a tetramer.

9. Mutations in two important cancer-critical genes, encoding p53 and Rb, respectively, are commonly found in cancers. What type of mutations are these expected to be? (A) Loss-of-function mutations in both genes (B) Loss-of-function mutation in p53 and gain-of-function mutation in Rb (C) Gain-of-function mutation in p53 and loss-of-function mutation in Rb

10. Which enzyme of the inosinic acid biosynthesis pathway is the major control point for purine synthesis? (A) phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate amidotransferase (B) glycinamide ribonucleotide transformylase (C) formylglycinamidine ribonucleotide amidotransferase (D) 5-aminoimidazole ribonucleotide synthetase

11. What molecule contributes at least two nitrogen atoms to each purine? (A) asparagine (B) 10-formyltetrahydrofolate (C) glycine (D) glutamine

12. Which of the following types of DNA repair is often coupled with transcription? (A) photoreactivation (B) base excision repair (C) replication (D) nucleotide excision repair

13. Which of the following urea cycle intermediates acts as a sensor for the regulation of this cycle at the earliest step? (A) ornithine (B) citrulline (C) argininosuccinate (D) arginine

14. A patient with glucose-6-phosphatate deficiency may have a gouty symptom because of the increased_____ flux. (A) glycolysis (B) gluconeogenesis (C) pentose phosphate pathway (D) urea cycle

15. During purification of an antibody with a protein G affinity column, 0.1 M acetic acid was used as the elution buffer. After elution, which of the following buffers (equal volume) is most suitable for bringing the pH value of the eluate to ~8.0? (Tris has a pKa of 8.1) (A) 0.2 M Tris base (B) 0.2 M Tris-HCl (C) 0.2 M Tris, pH 8.0 (D) 0.1 M NaOH

16. One-carbon transfer reaction is important in the metabolism of nitrogen-containing biomolecules. Which of the following reactions provides the major source of the required one-carbon groups? (A) serine → 5,10-methylene-THF (B) histidine → 5-formimino-THF (C) formate → 10-formyl-THF (D) glycine → 10-methyl-THF

17. Which of the following anticancer/antimicrobial drugs acts through formation of covalent bonds with its target enzyme? (A) sulfanilamide (B) 5-fluorouracil (C) trimethoprime (D) 6-mercaptopurine

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