73. These cells are involved in innate immunity, and a person lacking these cells may have a higher than normal chance of developing malignant tumors:
(A) cytotoxic T cells
(B) natural killer cells
(C) helper T cells
(D) macrophages

74. Both lysozyme and cytotoxic T cells (A) kill cells through chemical interactions (B) kill cells by inducing apoptosis (C) kill cells by generating a membrane attack complex (D) are part of innate immunity

75. What are CD4 and CD8? (A) proteins secreted by antigen-presenting cells (B) receptors present on the surface of natural killer (NK) cells (C) T-independent antigens (D) molecules present on the surface of T cells where they enhance cellular interaction

76. B cells interacting with helper T cells are stimulated to differentiate when (A) B cells produce IgE antibodies (B) B cells release cytokines (C) helper T cells present the class II MHC molecule-antigen complex on their surface (D) helper T cells release cytokines

77. What is the primary function of humoral immunity? (A) It primarily defends against fungi and protozoa (B) It is responsible for transplant tissue rejection (C) It protects the body against cells that become cancerous (D) It produces antibodies that circulate in body fluids

78. An immune response to a tissue graft will differ from an immune response to a bacterium because (A) MHC molecules of the donor may stimulate rejection of the graft tissue (B) the tissue graft, unlike the bacterium, is isolated from the circulation and will not enter into an immune response (C) a response to the graft will involve T cells and a response to the bacterium will not (D) a bacterium cannot escape the immune system by replicating inside normal body cells

79. Where and from what compound(s) is urea produced? (A) liver from NH3 and CO2 (B) liver from glycogen (C) kidneys from glucose (D) kidneys from glycerol and fatty acids

80. The transfer of fluid from the glomerulus to Bowman's capsule (A) results from active transport (B) transfers large molecules as easily as small ones (C) is very selective as to which subprotein sized molecules are transferred (D) is mainly a consequence of blood pressure in the capillaries of the glomerulus

1. 學者 Nachemson 等人的研究指出，以下何種姿勢或動作最會增加椎間盤的內壓 (Intradiscal pressure at L3)? (A) 扭轉腰部 (B) 站姿 (C) 走路 (D) 抬重物

2. 所謂夾擠症候群是肩峰下空間 (subacromial space) 過於狹窄，在肩上舉時，下列何組織可能受到夾擠? (A) 三角肌 (B) 肱二頭肌肌腱 (C) 肱三頭肌肌腱 (D) 肩胛下肌

3. 一位馬拉松選手因跟腱 (Achilles tendon) 發炎接受治療，治療計畫中包含跟腱的牽拉 (stretching)。以下有關跟腱牽拉的敘述何者正確? (A) 目標應完成踝關節背屈角度至少 15° (B) 牽拉的外力應延伸至足底 (C) 牽拉時應以前足當支點 (D) 牽拉時應產生橫跗骨關節 (transverse tarsal joint) 背屈

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