8. For a weak acid with a pK_a = 6.0, what is the ratio of conjugate base to acid at a pH of 5.0?
(A) 0.01
(B) 0.05
(C) 0.1
(D) 0.2
(E) 0.4

9. Please order the following procedures for the cholesterol biosynthesis in animals. I. Activation of isoprene unitsⅡ. Formation of four rings of the steroid nucleus III. Condensation of acetate units to form mevalonate . IV. Formation the 30-carbon linear squalene (A) III→I→Ⅳ→Ⅱ(B)III→Ⅱ→Ⅳ→ I(C)Ⅱ→III→I→Ⅳ (D)I→Ⅱ→III→Ⅳ (E)Ⅳ→II→I→III

10. Which of following description regarding the DNA replication is correct? (A) DNA replication occurs with very high fidelity and at a designated time in the cell cycle. (B) DNA replication is carried out in three phases: initiation, elongation, and termination. (C) The DNA replication starts at a single origin in bacteria and usually proceeds bi- directionally. (D) DNA is synthesized in the 5'→ 3' direction by DNA polymerases. (E) All of the above.

11. Please calculate the Ki for a noncompetitive inhibitor if 2✖10-4 M [I] yields 75% inhibition of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction? (A) 1.86x10-5 M (B) 3.46x10-5 M (C) 6.66x10-5 M (D) 8.17x10-5 M (E) 9.45x10-5 M

12. Polylysine is a random coil when the pH is less than 11, but it forms an a-helix if the pH is raised above 12. This happens because (A) The ε-NH2 group is protonated into ε-NH3+ at pH 12 and the charges stabilize the a- helix structure. (B) The pKa of ε-NH2 group is 12 and the partially protonated amino groups stabilize the a- helix structure. (C) The high concentration of OH- at pH 12 reduces the effective positive charges on the ε-NH3+ groups and results in less electrostatic repulsion between R groups. (D) The  ε-NH3+ groups are titrated to produce neutral NH2 groups, which eliminate electrostatic repulsions between R groups. (E) The ε-NH2 becomes negatively charged ε-NH- which stabilize thea-helix structure.

13. A monoclonal antibody differs from a polyclonal antibody in that monoclonal antibodies: (A) are produced by cells from the same organismn that produced the antigen. (B) have only a single polypeptide chain that can recognize an antigen. (C) are labeled with chemicals that can be visualized. (D) are synthesized by a population of identical, or "cloned," cells. (E) are synthesized only in living organisms:

14. The activity of chymnotrypsin will be tremendously affected by change of ? (A) Ser195 and Leu16 (B) His57 and C-terminal (C) Ile16 and Glu194 (D) Ile16, Arg194, & Gly193 (E) Asp102, His57, & Ser195

15. What is the catalysis enzyme in the reaction of AMP + ATP2ADP? (A) Nucleoside diphosphate kinase (B) Adenylate kinase (C) Inorganic pyrophosphatase (D) Phenylalanine hydroxylase (E) HMG-CoA reductase

16. Which of the following description about the catalytic reaction is correct? (E: enzyme； S: substrate) (A) Uncompetitive inhibitors bind only to the ES complexes at a place distinct from the active site. (B) Reversible inhibition must be the type of competitive inhibition. (C) Competitive inhibitors compete with the enzymes by binding to the active sites on the substrates. (D) The activity of enzyme is quite stable and may not be affected by environmental pH. (E) None of the above.

17. Which of the following codons may serve as the start codon / initiator? I. UUG II. AUG III. GUG IV. UAA V. UGA VI. CUG (A) I, II, V (B) III, IV, VI (C) I, IV, VI (D) I, I, V (E) I, III, VI5

18. Thr and/or Leu residues tend to disrupt an a helix when they occur next to each other in a protein because: (A) of electrostatic repulsion between the Thr and/or Leu side chains. (B)of steric hindrance between the bulky Thr and/or Leu side chains.5 ㆍ(C) both amino acids are highly hydrophobic. (D) the R group of neither amino acid can form a hydrogen bond. (E) of the possible covalent interactions between the Thr and/or Leu side chains.

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