9. Which of the following correctly describes the sequence of developmental milestones in chordates?

(A) blastula → gastrula → cleavage

(B) cleavage → gastrula → blastula

(C) cleavage → blastula → gastrula

(D) gastrula → blastula → cleavage

10. Long-term potentiation is required for which of the following functions? (A) elimination of memories, especially after trauma (B) integration of the somatosensory and motor systems (C) the integration of sight and sound into memories (D) memory storage and learning

11. Which of the following describes a way that some birds can navigate on an overcast night with solid cloud cover? (A) by detecting ultraviolet light from stars that penetrates the cloud cover (B) by detecting the Earth's rotation (C) by detecting the magnetic field of the Earth (D) by following rivers and major highways

12. The following question is based on the figure below. In the diagram above, the dark "dots" represent axillary buds. Which diagram illustrates a compound leaf? (A) I only (B) II only (C) III only (D) both II and III

13. Which of the following processes reduces the size of a tadpole's tail during metamorphosis? (A) regeneration (B) apoptosis (C) oxidative phosphorylation (D) redifferentiation

14. Researchers were investigating the effects of bicoid in fruit fly development. The gene bicoid controls normal development of anterior structures in flies. In one experiment, they took a normally developing embryo and injected bicoid mRNA into the posterior end of the embryo. What result would they most likely observe? (A) The embryo would develop with a normal anterior end and anterior structures on the posterior end. (B) The embryo would develop with a normal posterior end and posterior structures on the anterior end. (C) The embryo would develop with anterior structures on the posterior end and posterior structures on the anterior end. (D) The embryo would develop with a normal anterior end and a normal posterior end.

15. Which of the following best represents the actions of photoautotrophs? (A) produce oxygen and use carbon dioxide (B) produce, and use, both oxygen and carbon dioxide (C) produce thermal energy to be used by other organisms (D) convert chemical energy to solar energy

16. Which of the following sequences is most likely to be cut by a restriction endonuclease? (A) 5'-AATTCT-3' / 3'-TTAAGA-5' (B) 5'-AATATT-3' / 3'-TTATAA-5' (C) 5'-AAAATT-3' / 3'-TTTTAA-5' (D) 5'-ACTACT-3' / 3'-TGATGA-5'

17. A particular triplet of bases in the template strand of DNA is 5'-AGT-3'. What would be the corresponding codon for the mRNA that is transcribed? (A) 3'-UCA-5' (B) 3'-ACU-5' (C) 5'-AGT-3' (D) 5'-UCA-3'

18. The half-life of carbon-14 is about 5,730 years. A fossil that has 1/16 of the normal proportion of carbon-14 to carbon-12 should be about how many years old? (A) 2,800 (B) 11,200 (C) 16,800 (D) 22,900

19. As you study two closely related predatory insect species, the two-spot and the three-spot avenger beetles, you notice that each species seeks prey at night when present in an area where the other beetle species is absent. However, where their ranges overlap, the two-spot avenger beetle hunts at night and the three-spot hunts in the morning. When you bring them into the laboratory and isolate the two different species, you discover that the offspring of both species are nocturnal. The observations above indicate that the two species most likely demonstrate which of following ecological processes? You have discovered an example of __. (A) mutualism (B) character displacement (C) Batesian mimicry (D) resource partitioning

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