⑵根據上述整合型態和理論，評述犯罪學理論整合之優勢和困境。

二、試分析修復式正義實踐的基本要件，在我國可以如何推動修復式正 義？實務操作時可能會產生哪些效果或面臨哪些問題？

三、犯罪生命史之研究發現，有些人一旦犯罪之後就持續再犯，但有些 人則因某些事件而改變其犯罪之可能性。試分別以「一般化犯罪理 論」及「逐級年齡非正式社會控制理論」論述犯罪的持續與中止情 形。

四、試以殺人犯罪為例，論述在犯罪事件中被害者與加害者之各種關係 型態及彼此互動情形。

一、如接獲導師提報「有情緒障礙且經過特殊教育鑑定安置」個案、常干擾班 級上課，您身為專任輔導教師，如何啟動校園生態系統進行個案工作?

(一)請問：您的回應及建議為何？

(二)如果這位家長後來有說出孩子的姓名，請您幫忙輔導，但不要說是她打 電話請您幫忙。請問您接下來後續的做法及輔導策略為何？

三、請分析及評估以下案例的個案概念化，以及可能的輔導方向: 小立自從小學六年級開始，平常有家教陪伴，功課尚可，自迷上電玩後， 成績漸漸下滑。 升上國中後，導師發現小立上課打瞌睡，或是上課當中打岔、干擾，個案 自己認為是說笑話，但是同學並不喜歡，會認為他很白目。曾有一次，個案與 班上同學口角衝突後，開始中輟。 家庭狀況:爸爸 43 歲，媽媽 40 歲，合力創業；小立是他們唯一的孩子、家 境優渥，父母一同打拼事業，會因為工作理念、經濟使用的方法發生衝突。

四、請分析及評估以下案例的個案概念化，以及可能的輔導方向: 小羊，八年級， 14 歲 老師發現小羊精神不好，不太與同學來往，看來很瘦很高，約 165 公分左 右，約 45 公斤左右。沉默安靜、聰穎、敏感，偶爾若有所思，或趴桌上睡覺， 無心課業而轉介。 家庭狀況: 小羊的爸爸是工程師，個性冷靜；小羊的媽媽是家管，喜歡文 學，小羊自己也喜歡文學。她還有弟弟，小她四歲。小羊在小學三年級的時 候，媽媽罹患乳癌，到小羊五年級下學期的時候，媽媽過世。當媽媽過世後， 南部的奶奶搬過來幫忙家裡，照料生活大小事。

V. 中譯英 15%  對多數年輕人來說，就業市場感覺起來比較像黑洞，而不像通往無限機會的大門。要找個糊口的工作 可能已經不易，遑論是喜歡的工作。 因此，近來有些畢業生選擇從海外開始就業。有些人花了好幾年的時間在外國建立資歷，有些人僅短 暫出國。返國時，許多年輕人發現他們的國際經驗提供了他們在國內生存所需的競爭優勢。

VI. 試題評鑑 15% (將文章改寫成 150 到 250 字，適合高三生作答的 5 題克漏字題目，要含選項及答案)             Fast fashion is a term used to describe the business model adopted by clothing retailers such as H&M, Uniqlo and Zara which are able to rapidly take new fashion designs from concept to an in-store product within a matter of weeks. Fast fashion relies on continuously identifying new trends which are then designed and manufactured quickly and inexpensively to allow mainstream consumers to buy current clothing styles at lower prices.     The benefits of fast fashion are that the shortened time period between design and production creates a continuous supply of fresh trendy products at affordable prices giving consumers a wider range to choose from, greater availability of sizes and a reason to repeatedly visit the same store. Fast fashion takes the traditional seasonal approach to fashion and breaks it down with multiple mini-collections delivered to stores on a regular basis. This practice helps mitigate some of the impact of traditional season-ending clearance sales and discounts.    Fast fashion differs from the traditional 'slow fashion' model used by mainstream retailers and department stores which tend to only change their clothing range two or four times each year based on the seasons. Because of longer production times, slow fashion designers need to try to forecast fashion trends up to six months in advance. There is also greater risk that retailers get stuck with stock that doesn’t sell because fashion forecasts were incorrect or weather conditions impact sales of certain fashion lines. These retailers then need to offer large discounts in order to move unsold stock and make way for the next season’s stock.    The key to fast fashion is the use of technology, a nimble supply chain and sophisticated inventory monitoring and management systems. Fast fashion uses technology to reduce the costly and time consuming process of producing physical samples and sending these back and forth between the design team and the manufacturer, which may be based in another country. Fast fashion firms use collaborative online tools such as 360-degree annotatable digital images of samples which can then be refined rapidly.    The other part of key part of the fast fashion business model is the use of real time sales and inventory management systems which track which garments are selling well in which stores. This allows slow selling lines to be quickly pulled from racks and replaced or moved to another store where that line or size is achieving greater sales success. The use of technology in design and inventory management, together with lower expenses on advertising due to more frequent customer visits, also helps reduce operating costs. This can then be passed onto consumers in the form of lower prices or can be used to fund store visual merchandising efforts and store rollouts. While fast fashion has critics who describe it as disposable fashion (and some firms have had to contend with issues like toxic chemicals in their dyes and poor labor conditions at some external suppliers), it is also clear that fast fashion is impacting traditional department stores and smaller specialty clothing stores.

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