四、圖四為一鋼筋混凝土矩形梁斷面，寬度 60 cm、深度 90 cm，拉壓力鋼筋是對稱配置，最底層是 6 支 D25 鋼筋（db = 2.54 cm），第二層是 2 支 D25 鋼筋，假設保護層厚度是 4 cm，肋筋是 D13 鋼筋（db = 1.27 cm），請估算此梁斷面之有效深度 d，即斷面受壓側最外緣至縱向受拉鋼筋斷面重心之距離。（25 分）（註：除已知條件外，其他部分請自行合理假設）

一、請閱讀下列短文，並根據文章內容，以英文提出具體分析與論述。（35 分）As economies diversify and the competition for markets and investment becomes a growing trend, economists and policymakers increasingly see the benefits of opening up their economy to trade and foreign investment. The need to open markets is becoming increasingly apparent to developing nations, and leaders have sought to convince their people and industries of this need. As one economist noted, deregulating the economy may be the only way to dismantle the monopolies and oligopolies controlled by families and cronies. Emerging economies, however, face a dilemma. While they are so eager to attract foreign investment and technology transfer in order to become more globally competitive, they are obligated to protect their infant industries. One of the red flags that leaders must keep it in mind that economic growth is not an objective itself. Rather, the goal is to ensure the reciprocal impact of economic developments on enhancing the quality of life of their own people. Essay Question: Based on the short passage, write a brief critical response sharing your perspective. In this essay, you should clearly state your stance, analyze critically and support your view with concrete example(s) or logical reasoning. Do not repeat what is in the passage. (350-400 words )

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