四、東方果實蠅為果樹重要害蟲，請就果實蠅生物特性論述其猖獗原因與防治策略。同時依據您的論述，就番石榴、蓮霧及木瓜三種作物的栽培管理，說明受果實蠅危害風險程度及防治重點為何？

⑴斜紋夜蛾（Spodoptera litura）

⑵秋行軍蟲（Spodoptera frugiperda）

⑶小菜蛾（Plutella xylostella）

1. 為了因應新型冠狀病毒肺炎（COVID-19）對觀光相關產業營運所造成的重大影響，請依交通部協助受重大疫情影響觀光相關產業轉型培訓實施要點說明可以申請補助的對象有那六大類？可以獲得補助的培訓課程有那七大類？

2. 根據「發展觀光條例」，請解釋何謂觀光地區、風景特定區、自然人文生態景觀區、觀光產業、專業導覽人員？並針對觀光產業之國際宣傳及推廣，試說明中央主管機關如何與法人合作？如何與國外單位合作？

3. 根據108年修正通過的「旅行業管理規則」第24條的規定，旅行業辦理團體旅遊或個別旅客旅遊時，應與旅客簽定書面之旅遊契約，其印製之招攬文件並應加註公司名稱及註冊編號。請說明團體旅遊文件之契約書當中應該要載明的事項有那些？根據「國外旅遊定型化契約書範本」，當中有提到旅遊費用，除買賣雙方有特別的約定以外，其所謂的旅遊費用應包括那些項目？

4. 根據108年修正通過的「民宿管理辦法」第3條的規定，請詳細說明民宿可以設置的地區有那些？以及根據同辦法第6條規定，針對「地方主管機關未根據地區及建築物特性，依地方制度法相關規定制定之自治法規」的情況，請說明其消防安全設備該符合那些規定？

一、Please rewrite the following news into a short Chinese news paragraph of around 150 words. Provide your news with a headline and organize your news writing with an introduction, a body and a conclusion. 　　Only a few months ago residents of the impossibly picturesque Austrian village of Hallstatt were debating how to stem the influx of tourists thronging its narrow streets, nestled between soaring mountains and a sparkling lake. 　　Careful what you wish for: With the collapse in international travel brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic, the tour groups that used to jam the streets — with up to 100 coaches arriving daily in the high season — have disappeared. 　　In pre-coronavirus times the main concern for locals was that Hallstatt would be turned into an open-air theme park and become yet another symbol of the phenomenon of “overtourism.” With 1 million visitors per year for just 750 residents, the tiny village competed with the likes of Venice and Barcelona in the rankings of most tourists per inhabitant. 　　“There are more than 600,000 photos of Hallstatt on Instagram,” Hallstatt Mayor Alexander Scheutz said. The number of coaches coming to Hallstatt doubled in the space of five years, reaching 21,254 last year. Many of the bigger tour groups were made up of visitors from Taiwan, China, South Korea and the US. 　　While today the virus has brought a measure of serenity to the village, the debate on how tourism can be made more sustainable has returned even more forcefully. A growing divide had been opening up between the local winners and losers from the tourism boom, Scheutz said. 　　As Austria was easing its COVID-19 lockdown last month, Hallstatt brought in a new system for limiting coach numbers — only for the coaches to vanish anyway. While the car park has been full on the weekends since lockdown eased, current visitors are overwhelmingly Austrians or people from neighboring countries. 　　“The way it is now reminds us of how Hallstatt was before, and we’d like it to stay that way,” said one local climbing the steps to her house, which clings to the mountainside. 　　The forced respite brought about by coronavirus should be a chance to “get things back in order,” Scheutz said, adding that the village could swap quantity for “quality” when it comes to tourism. But it’s not as easy as saying: “We’ll start from scratch,” he said.

二、請將下列新聞翻譯成英文，並給予一個恰當的標題。 科技巨頭亞馬遜（Amazon）正式禁止警方使用該公司的人臉識別軟體一 年。這一決定正值民權倡議人士對監控技術可能存在種族偏見表示擔憂 之際。本週，國際商業機器公司（IBM）亦表示，將停止提供其人臉識別 軟體作「大規模監控或種族歸納」之用。 非裔美國人喬治 ‧ 佛洛伊德（George Floyd）在被警察制伏期間死亡，美 國抗議活動在多地蔓延，各企業在受到外界壓力要求回應之後，作出了這 樣的決定。 「我們主張，各國政府應該訂立更有力的法規，監管人臉識別技術的有道 德使用，而在近日，國會似乎是凖備好迎接這一挑戰，」亞馬遜在一份聲 明中說。 「我們希望，這一年暫停會給國會足夠的時間來實施合適的規則，而且假 如有需要，我們隨時會給予幫助。」不過，該公司稱，仍然會提供相關技 術協助警方偵測人口販賣等不法情事。

(一)Rohingya refugee

114年 - 114 高等考試_二級_植物病蟲害防治：植物病害防治與害蟲防治學研究#131538

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