2.我國為現代化民主法治國家，現階段國防政策的訂定，是為求合乎與落實哪四項國防理念及方向？(10分)

3.俄烏戰爭進行至今(2025年)，已超過3年。在戰爭過程中，不對稱作戰橫亙全場，佔盡優勢，也給予我國在國防安全及武器研發、獲得上，有所啟示。試列舉各一項我國在外購與自主研發的武器項目上屬於不對稱作戰的有力武器？各有何特點？應當如何運用在臺海整體作戰構想之上？(15分)

4.永春高中位於山坡地，請問應如運用《全民防衛動員準備法》的授權範圍，做好校園安全與防災、減災、應變等工作？(15分)

二、申論題1.校園「安全文化」是一種共享的價值觀、信念、態度與行為模式，體現於全體教職員工生對於校園安全的共同認知、重視程度與實踐能力。它不僅是預防意外、應對危機的軟實力，更是營造穩定、友善學習環境的基石。在臺灣的高級中等學校體系中，「國防教育」與「校安中心」是形塑此文化不可或缺的兩大支柱。請比較分析兩者在目標、途徑與重點上的異同，探討其互動關係，並提出協作策略，以共同營造師生重視安全、具備應變素養的校園氛圍。(25分)

2.108課綱強調素養導向教學，請以「國家安全」為主題，設計2節課的具體教學活動(需說明主題、流程、討論問題、師生互動方式與評量方式)，並說明如何透過此活動培養學生國防相關的知識、技能與態度，與如何體現「連結生活情境」的精神。(25分)

貳、非選擇題： 1. Please design four different kinds of reading comprehension questions, including multiple-choice, matching, ordering, fill-in-the-blank, table/chart/organizer completion, short answer questions, true-false questions, and so on. They should be suitable for the new General Scholastic Ability Test (新型學測混合題型). Answer keys need to be provided.       Fake news can be defined as news containing false or misleading information that appears truthful. Although fake news has long been in existence and this issue is as old as the news industry itself, the Internet and social media have made creating and sharing fake news easier and faster than ever. Consequently, people may be deceived by fake news, believing the content to be genuine without questioning the sources. With so much fake news being spread every day, it is now more important than ever to understand where such news comes from and to question the news stories we read.     Although fake news comes in many forms, two are the most common. First, fake news can come from sloppy journalism, which means that journalists write stories based on unreliable information or without fact-checking their sources prior to publication. Second, some news contains deliberately false information to achieve social or political results; examples include attempts to influence people to vote for a certain candidate or support a particular cause.     The following two examples illustrate the harm fake news can cause. The first highlights the potential long-lasting consequences of false information. In 1998, a British researcher published a small-scale study in a respected medical journal, and it linked the MMR vaccine to autism.     The media provided extensive coverage of this flawed study. As a result, the belief that the MMR vaccine could cause autism became widespread. Some people’s confidence in the vaccine was shattered, and vaccination rates dropped. However, subsequent studies with larger samples revealed different results, and the original study was eventually proved inaccurate. Even so, years after, parents were still exposed to large numbers of negative reports, and some refused to vaccinate their children for fear that it might do more harm than good. More than two decades have now passed since the original study was published, but its effects can still be observed worldwide.    In the second example, flawed reporting might even contribute to tragic consequences. In 2018, Typhoon Jebi left many tourists stranded inside an airport in Japan. Media platforms in China circulated exaggerated reports praising their government’s efforts to evacuate its citizens from the airport. After seeing these reports, some Taiwanese people, claiming to be trapped at the airport, criticized their government on social media for not acting with the same level of diligence. Several mainstream media outlets in Taiwan reported the story without verification, further stirring up public anger. Because of these and other factors, the director of Taiwan’s representative office in Osaka tragically took his own life in the end.     With such horrible events in mind, we are reminded that we must resist fake news. Whenever we come across new information, it is important to evaluate its validity lest we be tricked into mistaking it for truth. One notable feature of authentic news is the inclusion of the writer’s name, which enables readers to view that writer’s biography and verify his or her credibility. Another characteristic of real news is the citing of multiple primary sources, which demonstrates a high level of authenticity. Still another feature to look for is where the article has been published, which can indicate its reliability. If it has been published by a respected media platform, such as the BBC or CNN, it is likely reliable. Last but not least, a clear sign of a factual report is objective writing that does not appeal to readers’ emotions or use deliberately provocative language. These features can help us avoid falling for fake news so that we can see the world accurately.     In the current age of news overload, we must all watch out for fake news lest we fall victim to it. Useful strategies are to think critically about what we are reading and to conduct further research on news stories to check their content before accepting them as truth. With due diligence, we can win the war against fake news and help improve society.

2. Please read the following passage, “Iceland’s Road to Gender Equality," and design a four-period lesson plan to guide 11th graders in your English class. In your lesson plan, please specify learning objectives and activities.                                              Iceland’s Road to Gender Equality     Iceland is a small island nation known for its breathtaking landscapes, boiling mud pools, and stunning views of the northern lights. But how many know that this country of only around 360,000 people is also home to the world’s most gender-balanced society? For the last decade, Iceland has ranked number one on the World Economic Forum’s Global Gender Gap Index.     The path to equality began on October 24, 1975, when 90% of the female population participated in the “Women’s Day Off” to protest against wage inequality and other gender-related social injustices. That day, instead of going to work, cooking meals, looking after children, or doing domestic chores, Icelandic women hoping for change took to the streets in protest. With the majority of women going on strike, the country fell into complete chaos. Banks and factories came to a standstill as many of their employees were women, flights were grounded because there was no one to provide service, and without actresses, theaters had to cancel performances. Additionally, mothers striking all day long simply left children in the care of their husbands. Since the mainly female-run schools and nurseries were closed, fathers were thus forced to take their children with them to work. Some men bought candy and colored pencils in a desperate effort to keep their children entertained, while others offered rewards to their older kids to have them take care of the younger ones.      This protest paralyzed the entire nation. However, if it had not been for this protest, public opinion would not have changed and support for gender equality would not have grown. One year later, Iceland established the Gender Equality Council and passed the Gender Equality Act, banning gender discrimination in the workplace and in schools. Then, in 1980, an even bigger triumph was achieved when Iceland elected the world’s first female president of a democratic country.     However, despite all the progress the country had made, the fight for gender equality was not yet over. In 2005, Iceland’s pay gap showed that women were, on average, still being paid only 64.15% of what men earned. So, on the thirtieth anniversary of the Women’s Day Off, women organized another strike. They left work at 2:08 p.m.—the exact time at which they started working for free compared with men. In 2016, women in Iceland again left work early, this time at 2:38 p.m. This was to remind people that the average woman still earned just 70.42% of the salary usually given to men.     Finally, Iceland decided to get tough on inequality. In 2018, it became the first country to legally demand that men and women be paid equally. The revolutionary new law required that companies with at least twenty-five employees obtain a certificate proving that they were following national equal pay policies; otherwise, they would face heavy fines. Today, this Nordic wonderland has some of the world’s strictest laws on workplace equality. Despite having achieved so much, the country continues to take bold steps to eliminate gender discrimination and become a fairer society where every person is treated equally. But for Iceland’s marvelous efforts in this regard, the rest of the world would not have such a wonderful role model to follow.

3. Based on the following text, write an English essay to demonstrate how to effectively integrate various AI or technological tools into the classroom to enhance high school students' English reading, writing, and speaking skills。                    Irena Sendler: A Brave Rescuer of Jewish Children It was early morning on October 20, 1943, when eleven Gestapo agents stormed into a Polish woman’s apartment. They tore the place apart, ripping open every pillow and mattress, searching for a hidden list. Just seconds before they arrived, the woman had passed the list to a friend. After three hours, the agents left without finding it—but they arrested the woman. Knowing the list was safe, she felt a quiet sense of relief. That woman was Irena Sendler, a kind and courageous social worker from Warsaw, Poland. During World War II, the Nazis took over the city and forced over 400,000 Jews into the overcrowded Warsaw Ghetto. Many people inside were dying from hunger and disease. Shocked by these conditions, Irena joined a secret resistance group. At first, she smuggled food and medicine into the ghetto, but she soon realized that more needed to be done—the Nazis had started sending people to death camps. Determined to help, Irena gathered a group of brave friends and coworkers. They planned a daring mission to secretly rescue Jewish children. They got special permits to enter the ghetto and had to convince parents to let their children go with strangers—a heartbreaking choice for many families. The children were smuggled out in clever ways: hidden in suitcases, flour sacks, or even under stretchers in ambulances. One driver trained his dog to bark and cover the sounds of crying babies. These rescuers risked their lives—if caught, they would be executed. Once safe, the children were given new names and fake documents. Some stayed with kind Polish families, while others were sent to orphanages or convents. Irena carefully recorded each child’s real name and new identity, hoping they could reunite with their parents after the war.Eventually, Irena was captured. Despite being tortured, she refused to give away any information. Her friends later helped her escape, and she continued her mission in hiding. In the end, she helped save over 2,000 children. Today, Irena Sendler is honored for her bravery and compassion. She never saw herself as a hero, but her selfless actions continue to inspire people around the world.

1. 置於國立故宮博物院中軸線步道兩側的圖騰柱，是一種中國傳統的、 標誌性柱狀建築。通常由漢白玉雕成，一般由底座、蟠龍柱、承露盤和其上的蹲獸組成。其 名稱為 ____________。

2.傳統的工藝也與日常生活息息相關，如版畫大量印製，需要技藝純熟的版畫家與工匠合作， 逐漸形成中國四大版印年畫產地。即蘇州桃花塢、天津楊柳青、山東濰坊和四川___________。

3. In 1972, UNESCO adopted the World Heritage Convention in Paris. With the aim of preserving sites of outstanding universal value to humanity, the purpose of this initiative is to raise public awareness about the importance of protecting and valuing these unique and irreplaceable places on Earth.World Heritage Sites are classified into three main categories: cultural heritage, composite heritage and ______________.(請以英文作答)

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