10. Cholesterol is synthesized from:
(A) acetyl-CoA.
(B) choline.
(C) lipoic acid.
(D) malate.
(E) oxalate.

11. An intermediate of purine degradation in humans is: (A) glutamate. (B) (C) succinate. (D) urea. (E) uric acid.

12. Transport of fatty acids from the cytoplasm to the mitochondrial matrix requires: (A) ATP, carnitine, and coenzyme A. (B) ATP, carnitine, and pyruvate dehydrogenase. (C) ATP, coenzyme A, and hexokinase (D) ATP, coenzyme A, and pyruvate dehydrogenase. (E) carnitine, coenzyme A, and hexokinase.

13. Which compound is an intermediate of the B-oxidation of fatty acids? (A) (B) (C) CH3CH2-CO-CH2-OH (D) CH3-CH2-CO-CO-S-CoA (E) CH3- CO- CH2- CO-S-CoA

14. The major carrier(s) of dietary fat from the intestine is (are): (A) VLDL. (B) chylomicrons. (C) HDL. (D) LDL. (E) IDL.

15. What molecule contributes at least two nitrogen atoms to each purine? (A) asparagine (B) 10-formyltetrahydrofolate (C) glycine (D) glutamine (E) carbamoyl phosphate

16. Which of the following best explains the enzyme(s) involved in ribonucleotide reduction? (A) there is 1 enzyme for each of the 4 different nucleotides (B) 1 enzyme for pyrimidine nucleotides and 1 for purine nucleotides (C) 1 enzyme for pyrimidine nucleotides, 1 for ADP and I for GDP (D) 1 enzyme for purine nucleotides, 1 for CDP and 1 for UDР (E) 1 enzyme for all 4 nucleotides

17. Which of the following molecules uses chorismate as a precursor? (A) p-aminobenzoic acid (B) coenzyme Q (C) phenylalanine (D) tryptophan (E) all of the above

18. What are the products of the following transamination?  (A) glutamine and pyruvate  (B) a-ketoglutarate and alanine (C) glutamate and alanine (D) oxaloacetate and alanine (E) aspartate and pyruvate

1. When mitochondria are actively carrying out aerobic respiration(A)the pH of the matrix is greater than the pH of the intermembrane space.(B)the pH of the matrix is less than the pH of the intermembrane space.(C)the pH ofthe matrix is about the same as the pH of the intermembrane space.(D)the pH of the matrix versus the intermembrane space has nothing to do with whether not aerobic respiration is occurring.

2. The fate of pyruvate produced during glycolysis depends primarily on the availability of(A)NAD+ to keep the pathway going.(B)molecular oxygen.(C)ADP for conversion to ATP.(D)coenzyme A for further metabolism of pyruvate.(E)phosphoric acid for the synthesis of ATP.

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