11. Oleic acid, 18:1 (△⁹) 透過 beta-oxidation 進行完全氧化 (completeoxidation) 需幾個 cycles 完成?
(A) 3
(B) 5
(C) 7
(D) 9

12. 細胞內位於 (胞器) 的 Fatty acids 透過酵素轉化為 CoA 衍生物 (CoAderivatives)，然後 acyl-CoAs 進一步輸送到 (胞器) 以進行氧化作用(oxidation). 上述 2 個空隔前後分別為(A) Cytoplasm & Mitochondria(B) Mitochondria & Cytoplasm(C) Golgi body & Cytoplasm(D) Golgi body & Mitochondria

13. Ketogenic amino acids 主要為(A) Alanine & Lysine(B) Lysine & Leucine(C) Leucine & Glycine(D) Glycine & Alanine

14. 蔬食 (Vegetarian diets) 提供豐富抗氧化物以預防心血管疾病，但常年茹素的人容易缺乏何種維生素 ? 並造成體內 homocysteine 及methylmalonate 的含量比一般人高(A) A(B) B1(C) B2(D) B12

15. 下列何者可生成於粒腺體內, 且無法通過粒腺體內膜 (innermitochondrial membrane) ?(A) NADH(B) NADPH(C) ATP(D) GTP

1. Consider the simple linear population model without intercept: $y_i = \beta x_i + \varepsilon_i$$\varepsilon_i = \rho \varepsilon_{i-1} + u_i,$ where $u_i \sim i.i.d(0, \sigma^2)$. We use OLS method to estimate parameter $\hat{\beta}$. After we obtain the $\hat{\beta}$, we use OLS residuals to generate Durbin-Watson statistic. Which approximation value does Durbin-Watson statistic converge under $T \to \infty$? (A) \( 2 - \hat{\rho} \) (B) \( 1 - 2\hat{\rho} \) (C) \( 2(1 - \hat{p}) \) (D) \( 1 - \hat{p} \) (E) \( 2 - 3\hat{p} \)

2. Eric estimates a regression model as below: \( y_t = \alpha + \beta_1 x_t + \beta_2 z_t + u_t, \)Where\( u_t \sim N(0, \sigma_u^2) \).. If Eric regress $x_i$ on $z_i$, he find the following equation statistically significant: $x_i = \omega + \delta_2 z_i + \varepsilon_i.$Which problem he will face when he use OLS method to estimate $\hat{\beta}_1$ and $\hat{\beta}_2$? (A) Multicollinearity (B) Serial correlation (C) Heteroskedasticity (D) Nonlinear in parameter (E) Random sample

3. Mary want to estimates a regression model as below: $y_i = \alpha + \beta_1 x_{1i} + \beta_2 x_{2i} + \varepsilon_i,$ If she doubts the regression residuals $\hat{\varepsilon}_i$ with heteroskedasticity, she wants to use Breusch-Pagan test to detect whether heteroskedasticity exists in $\hat{\varepsilon}_i^2$. Which independent variables set she will choose to execute Breusch-Pagan test? (A) \( x_{1i}, x_{2i} \) (B) \( x_{n}, x_{2n}, x_{1n}^{2}, x_{2n}^{2} \) (C) \( x_{n}, x_{2n}, x_{1n}^{2}, x_{2n}^{2}, x_{1n} x_{2n} \) (D) \( x_{n}, x_{2n} \) (E) \( x_{n}, x_{2n}, x_{1n} x_{2n} \)

4. Consider the simple regression $y_i = \alpha + \beta x_i + \varepsilon_i$And suppose population parameter $\beta = 2$ and least square estimator $\hat{\beta} = 2.3$. Now consider the regression $(x_i - y_i) = \alpha^* + \beta^* x_i + u_i.$What is the value of \( \hat{\beta} \)? (A) 1 (B)-1 (C)-1.3 (D)-0.3 (E) 0.3

5. Consider the linear model with intercept: $y_t = \alpha + \beta x_t + u_t$ If the $A = \sum_{i=1}^{n} (x_i - \bar{x})^2$ is positive definite and $E(u_i \mid x_i) = 0, \forall t = 1, 2, \dots, T$, which statement is true under sample size $T \to \infty$. (A) \( \hat{\beta} \) is consistent, but we cannot judge whether \( \hat{\beta} \) is efficiency (B) \( \hat{\beta} \) is unbiased and efficiency (C) \( \hat{\beta} \) is consistent and efficiency (D) \( \hat{\beta} \) is, but we cannot judge whether \( \hat{\beta} \) is efficiency (E) \( \hat{\beta} \) is unbiased and consistent.

6. Consider the linear population model with intercept:$y_t = \alpha + \beta x_t + \varepsilon_t$The variance structure is known as below: $E(\varepsilon_t^2) = \sigma^2 h_t^2,$Which regression may obtain efficiency $\hat{\beta}$ estimator? (A) Regress \( y_{t} \) on 1, \( x_{t} \) (B) Regress \( y_{t} / h_{t} \) on 1/ht ,xt/ht(C) Regress \( y_{t} / h_{t}^{2} \) on 1/h2t ,xt/h2t(D) Regress \( y_{t} \) on 1/ht ,xt/ht(E) Regress \( y_{t} / h_{t} \) on 1, \( x_{t} \)

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