11. Which of the following is the best title for this paragraph?
(A) Professional Training for Litigation
(B) The Socalled Litigation Explosion
(C) The Rise and Fall of Legal Aid
(D) Litigation in a Fastchanging Society

12. Which of the following best fits the blank in the paragraph? (A) Canned tuna (B) Caviar (C) Sweet corn soup (D) Cannoli

13. By litigious (first line) the author means: (A) Showing high proficiency as a legal practitioner (B) Paying a high price in exchange for legal services (C) Willing to engage in lawsuits (D) Competitive when making legal arguments

14. What is the view of the author regarding the phenomenon that is described in this paragraph? (A) The author is critical of the phenomenon and thinks it is evil because it clogs the courts and only makes lawyers rich. (B) The author thinks the phenomenon is natural because an intellectual movement was taking place at law schools. (C) The author thinks the phenomenon is evil because it is manipulated by lawyers and legislators. (D) The author does not think the phenomenon is good or evil and highlights how the legal system has driven away people who need it.

15. Which of the following is not one type of alternative dispute resolution (ADR)? (A) Mediation (B) Arbitration (C) Tribunal (D) Negotiation 

16. Which of the following best describes      a  unanimous judgment     : (A) A legal order issued by the Supreme Court for an appellate court. (B) A ruling made by a court that is presided over by a single judge. (C) A resolution reached with legal representatives of the parties involved. (D) A decision reached by all members of a court.

17. According to the text, which of the following statements about refoulement is false: (A) Some international conventions explicitly prohibit refoulement. (B) The doctrine of nonrefoulement is part of customary international law. (C) In principle, states have the power to expel unwanted aliens. (D) To this date, refoulement is only legally permissible if the destination is in Africa.

18. What does the term      enshrine      mean in the context of the text? (A) Codified (B) Enforced (C) Praised and encouraged (D) Criticized

19. When a covenant      imposes      an obligation on a state or a person: (A) It is optional for a state or a person to follow what is ordered by the covenant. (B) States have the discretion whether they will fulfill the obligation or not, but a person does not. (C) The state or person is legally bound to fulfill the obligation. (D) The covenant becomes void and unenforceable.

20. Which of the following is a possible outcome of the decision? (A) The International Criminal Court (ICC) will start an investigation and eventually try individuals charged with the gravest crimes. (B) Asylum seekers who were sent to Rwanda may be transferred to a third country which is not obliged by the principle of nonrefoulement under international and domestic law. (C) The judgment establishes a legal precedent, emphasizing the importance of complying with nonrefoulement obligations under international and domestic law. This precedent may influence future cases. (D) All of the above. 

Part IV : Please choose the best answer. (2% for each question)21. America has a serious problem dealing with __________ workers crossing the border illegally. (A) undocumented (B) unbelievable (C) understandable (D) underground

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