15. Which of the following is responsible for the reverse cholesterol transport?
(A) VLDL
(B) IDL
(C) LDL
(D) HDL
(E) Chylomicron

16. Which of the following is not elevated in the plasma after fasting for48 hours? (A) acetone (B) acetoacetate (C) D-3-hydroxybutyrate (D) free fatty acid (E) glucose

17. Which of the following is not reducing sugar? (A) Lactose (B) Maltose (C) Sucrose (D) Glucose (E) None of the above

18. Which of the following enzyme is NOT required to metabolize galactose? (A) Galactokinase (B) UDP-galactose-4-epimerase (C) UDP-galactose-1-epimerase (D) Galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase (E) None of the above

19. A three-month-old baby is diagnosed with pyruvate dehydrogenase complex deficiency. Which of the following coenzyme is NOT required by this enzyme complex to convert pyruvate to acetyl-CoA? (A) Thiamine pyrophosphate (B) Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (C) Lipoamide (D) Flavin adenine dinucleotide (E) None of the above

20. The following enzymes involved in the citric acid cycle are all reversible except (A) Succinyl-CoA synthetase (B) Succinic dehydrogenase (C) Fumarase (D) Citrate synthase (E) None of the above

21. Which of the following statements about aromatic amino acids is correct? (A) All are strongly hydrophilic. (B) Histidine's ring structure results in its being categorized as aromatic or basic, depending on pH. (C) On a molar basis, tryptophan absorbs more ultraviolet light than tyrosine. (D) The major contribution to the characteristic absorption of light at 280 nm by proteins is the phenylalanine R group. (E) The presence of a ring structure in its R group determines whether or not an amino acid is aromatic.

22. Proteins may be separated according to size by (A) Isoelectric focusing (B) Affinity chromatography (C) Ion exchange chromatography (D) Molecular exclusion chromatography (E) Reverse phase HPLC

23. Hemoglobin and myoglobin both have, are, can, or do all of the following except (A) highly a helical (B) bind one molecule of heme per globin chain (C) subunits that provide hydrogen bonds to and nonpolar interaction with other subunits (D) bind heme in a hydrophobic pocket (E) bind one O2 per heme

24. A protein has one transmembrane domain composed entirely of a-helical secondary structure. Which of the following amino acids would you expect to find in the transmembrane domain ? (A) Proline (B) Glutamate (C) Lysine (D) Leucine (E) Arginine

25. How Ca++ can increase the enzymatic activity of phosphorylase for glycogen metabolism? (A) Ca++ increases the activity of calmodulin-dependent protein kinase and then activate the enzymatic activity of phosphorylase (B) Ca++ increases the activity of calmodulin-dependent phosphatase and then activate the enzymatic activity of phosphorylase (C) Ca++ increases the activity of calmodulin-dependent protein kinase and then regulates glycogen synthase kinase activity, leading to up-regulation of phosphorylase activity (D) Ca++ binds to the 8 subunit of the phosphorylase kinase and then promotes the activity of phosphorylase (E) Ca++ inhibits the protein phosphatase 1 and increases increases the activity of calmodulin-dependent phosphatase and then the enzymatic activity of phosphorylase.

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