18. Which 3-carbon molecule is a final product of Glycolysis?
(A) phosphoglyceraldehyde
(B) pyruvate
(C) 2-phosphoglycerate
(D) 3-phosphoglycerate
(E) Citrate

19. Which of the following has highest content of oleic acid (ω9, C18:1)? (A) soybean oil (B) lard (C) butter (D) olive oil (E) palm oil

20. Which of the following has highest melting point? (A) stearic acid (C18:0) (B) oleic acid (ω9, C18:1) (C) linoleic acid (ω6, C18:2) (D) γ-linolenic acid (ω6, C18:3) (E) α-linolenic acid (ω3, C18:3)

21. Arachidonic acid can be synthesized from linoleic acid through (A) Δ⁶ desaturation → Δ⁵ desaturation → elongation (B) Δ⁶ desaturation → Δ⁴ desaturation → elongation (C) Δ⁶ desaturation → elongation → Δ⁵ desaturation (D) Δ⁶ desaturation → elongation → Δ⁴ desaturation (E) Δ⁶ desaturation → elongation → Δ⁹ desaturation

22. Which of the following statements is   true  ? (A) Apo-Al is an activator of acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyl-transferase. (B) Apo-CIII is an activator of lipoprotein lipase. (C) Very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) can be converted to low density lipoproteins (LDL) by hormone sensitive lipase. (D) Chylomicron remnants are uptaken into the liver through binding of Apo-E to the LDL-receptor and to the LDL-receptor related protein (LRP). (E) HDL contains ApoB-48 but not Apo-B100.

23. The kcat and KM for enzyme X are 2000 and 0.1 M, respectively. What is the initial velocity of this reaction when the substrate concentration is 0.1 M and the total concentration of enzyme X is 0.002 M? (A) 6.0 M/sec (B) 4.0 M/sec (C) 2.0 M/sec (D) 1.0 M/sec (E) 0.5 M/sec

24. Which of the following is NOT classified as an enzyme (A) ribosome (B) proteasome (C) spliceosome (D) lysosome (E) ribozyme

25. S-adenosylmethionine is a biological carrier of   (I)  . ATP is a biological carrier of   (II)  . FADH2 is a biological carrier of   (III)  . (A) I: amino group, II: phosphate, III: nicotinamide (B) I: adenosine, II: carboxylate, III: hydrogen atom (C) I: methyl group, II: adenosine, III: electron (D) I: amino group, II: carboxylate, III: hydrogen atom (E) I: methyl group, II: phosphate, III: electron

26. You hypothesize that a newly purified enzyme may function as a serine protease. Which one of the following findings is   NOT   a useful proof of your hypothesis? (A) This enzyme can be inhibited by metal chelator EDTA. (B) A covalent bond between the enzyme and the substrate is transiently formed during catalysis. (C) Structural analysis shows that this enzyme contains the Asp-His-Ser catalytic triad. (D) This enzyme hydrolyzes polypeptides. (E) The catalytic activity of this enzyme is pH-dependent.

27. What following condition of human liver gluconeogenesis will be activated at (A) high concentrations of lipid in blood (B) high concentrations of bilirubin in blood (C) high concentrations of bezoate in blood (D) low concentrations of uroporpyrin in urine (E) low concentrations of glucose in blood.

28. What enzyme in human makes the regeneration of one AMP to ATP need two units of energy released from ATP to ADP? (A) ATP synthetase (B) protein phosphatase (C) pyrophosphatase (D) fructose 2,6-bisphosphatase (E) 6-phosphofructokinase-2.

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