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四、此題請以“中文”作答。閱讀以下摘錄文章後,敘述其意涵以及評論其內容。(25 分)As Japan's population shrinks, consolidating scattered residents into denser, more compact cities is increasingly seen as a must. Yet the steady outward creep of the suburbs continues unabated. In the 10 years through 2015, residential areas expanded by 1,773 squared kilometers, an area three times the size of Tokyo's 23 central wards. The growth suggests failures of both the real estate market and urban planning. Even with an estimated 8 million homes vacant, many in urban centers, new ones continue to be built in cities fighting over a shrinking population pool. And new suburbs want their own shopping centers, hospitals, libraries and community centers, raising the risk of ballooning municipal costs.Of the 1,386 cities, towns, villages and wards covered by the study, 43 added more than 5 square kilometers of residential area. Seven of the top 15 municipalities in terms of growth allowed residential land to expand despite having so-called compact city plans. The expansion reflects a scramble by depopulating municipalities to attract more people. Restrictions have been eased on suburban housing construction, turning farmland and hillsides into houses and apartments.Low-density populations make it more expensive to build and maintain necessary infrastructure and handle public services, even as tax revenues shrink. Many local governments recognize sprawl as a problem. Roughly 270 municipalities across Japan have drawn up plans to concentrate housing and public works construction in urban centers. But follow-through has been lacking, in part because large-scale efforts that would require people to actually pick up and move closer together are politically taboo. When populations spread out into the suburbs, downtown areas risk being neglected and falling into disrepair. Abandoned homes are on the rise in smaller cities as well. Many experts say creating cities suited to a shrinking population will require retightening the loosened restrictions on housing construction that have permitted the rise in suburban sprawl.

三、關於原住民保留地的借名登記,最高法院曾作成大法庭裁定。請問該裁定的內容為何?並請從土地政策的觀點闡釋該裁定的內容。(25 分)

2. 從供需的面向而言,包租代管政策是否會影響到一般租賃市場的租金價格?

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2.利用電壓表、電流表量度未知電阻,如屬低電阻時,為減少誤差的正確接線為? (A) (B) (C) (D)

3.電表面板上設置鏡面(刻度下方成扇形弧狀)是為了避免下列何種誤差 (A)人為 (B)儀器 (C)環境 (D)電路

1 關於法規發生變動之新舊法適用,下列敘述何者錯誤? (A)各機關受理人民聲請許可案件適用法規時,除依其性質應適用行為時之法規外,如在處理程序 終結前,據以准許之法規有變更者,原則上適用新法規 (B)行為後法律有變更者,適用行政機關裁處時之法律。但裁處前之法律有利於受處罰者,適用最 有利於受處罰者之規定 (C)於撤銷訴訟程序中發生法規變動者,行政法院原則上應適用行政處分作成時之法規,判斷系爭 行政處分之合法性 (D)於課予義務訴訟程序中發生法規變動者,行政法院原則上應適用行政處分作成時之法規,判斷 系爭請求權是否合法存在

2 關於人民對行政之信賴與信賴保護原則之敘述,下列何者正確? (A)行政程序法立法目的不含增進人民對行政之信賴 (B)公務員自行迴避制度與人民對行政之信賴無關 (C)保留行政處分之廢止權者,事後廢止不生信賴保護問題 (D)處分機關所告知之救濟期間不符法定期間者,得於處分書送達後 1 年內提起救濟

25 下列何者並非國家賠償法所稱之行使公權力? (A)消防人員執行救火任務 (B)公部門垃圾車於指定地點收集垃圾 (C)公立醫院醫生之醫療行為 (D)公立學校老師處罰學生