15. The strong acid HA is added to water. Which of the following is the strongest base in the system?
(A) HA
(B) A–
(C) H₂O
(D) H₃O⁺

16. Identify the strongest base. (A) CH3O– (B) CH3OH (C) CN– (D) NO3–

17. What concentration of HF (Ka = 7.2×10–4) has the same pH as that of 0.068 M HCl? (A) 0.068 M (B) 0.16 M (C) 6.4 M (D) 0.011 M

18. A calorimeter contains 123 g of water at 27.0°C. A block of metal with a mass of 28 g is heated to 95.8°C and then placed in the water in the calorimeter. After sufficient time, the temperature of the water is measured and found to be 28.8°C. Calculate the heat capacity per gram of metal. Assume no heat is lost to the calorimeter or the surroundings. (A) 2.0 J/g°C (B) 0.12 J/g°C (C) 6.8×102 J/g°C (D) 0.49 J/g°C

19. 75.0 mL of a pure liquid at 245 K is mixed with 100.0 mL of the same pure liquid at 365. K. What is the final temperature of the mixture? (A) 295 K (B) 305 K (C) 314 K (D) 325 K

20. For which process is ΔS negative? (A) evaporation of 1 mol of CCl4(l) (B) mixing 5 mL of ethanol with 25 mL of water (C) compressing 1 mol of Ne at constant temperature from 1.5 atm to 0.5 atm (D) raising the temperature of 100 g of Cu from 275 K to 295 K

21. Which of the following frequencies corresponds to light with the longest wavelength? (A) \( 3.00 \times 10^{11} \text{ s}^{-1} \) (B) \( 4.12 \times 10^{6} \text{ s}^{-1} \) (C) \( 8.50 \times 10^{10} \text{ s}^{-1} \) (D) \( 9.12 \times 10^{11} \text{ s}^{-1} \)

22. In Bohr's atomic theory, when an electron moves from one energy level to another energy level more distant from the nucleus, (A) energy is emitted. (B) energy is absorbed. (C) no change in energy occurs. (D) light is emitted.

23. The ionization energy for a hydrogen atom is \( 1.31 \times 10^4 \) J/mol. What is the ionization energy for He+? (A) \( 8.72 \times 10^4 \) J/mol (B) \( 1.31 \times 10^4 \) J/mol (C) \( 5.25 \times 10^4 \) J/mol (D) \( 2.18 \times 10^4 \) J/mol

24. How many electrons can be described by the quantum numbers n = 4, l = 3, ml = 0? (A) 0 (B) 2 (C) 6 (D) 10

25. Of the following elements, which needs 3 electrons to complete its valence shell? (A) Ba (B) K (C) Si (D) P

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